Pseudotumor bronquial eosinofílico / Eosinophilic Bronchial Pseudotumor

Las eosinofilias pulmonares constituyen un grupo variado de entidades cuyo nexo común es la inflamación eosinofílica que puede o no asociarse a eosinofilia periférica. En ese reporte describimos una forma atípica y no descripta de presentación como "pseudotumor pulmonar" que remitió con tratamiento corticoesteroideo.

Pulmonary eosinophilia are a varied group of entities sharing the eosinophilic inflammation that may or may not be associated with peripheral eosinophilia. This report describes an atypical, undescribed presentation, the "pulmonary pseudotumor" which showed regression with corticosteroid treatment.

Sindrome de Blesovsky. A propósito de un caso / Anatomical and clinical implications of the humeral torsion

Introducción: La atelectasia redonda de pulmón, conocida como síndrome de Blesovsky, constituye un pseudotumor pulmonar de ubicación periférica asociado a la exposición al asbesto y al engrosamiento pleural. Los hallazgos imagenológicos pueden establecer el diagnóstico,pero no puede descartarse algún proceso neoplásico maligno. La precisión en el diagnóstico puede dificultarse por causas como la progresión radiológica y empeoramiento clínico del paciente. Objetivo: Presentación de caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica. Caso clínico: Paciente de 76 años, masculino, que consulta por síndrome de impregnación, pérdida de peso y anemia de 2 meses de evolución. Estudios imagenológicos muestran imagen nodular de 20 mm en lóbulo inferior derecho. Exploración videotoracoscópica: engrosamiento pleural de aspecto benigno (fibrosis) sin palparse nódulo pulmonar. TAC control a los 3 meses: aumento de la imagen nodular (30 mm) Se decide reexploración y resección pulmonar. Pieza de patología: Atelectasia redonda. Discusión: La atelectasia redonda es una entidad benigna, que como tal tiende a ser estable y en algunos casos evoluciona a la resolución espontanea. Aunque la seguridad diagnóstica mediante la Tac es alta, no existe un patrón individual que permita diferenciarla de un proceso maligno. Precisa de un seguimiento clínico estrecho y de la realización de pruebas diagnósticas invasivas si persisten las dudas y/o se detecta un crecimiento de la lesión. Se acepta como conducta diagnóstica y/o terapéutica la resección pulmonar lobar o sublobar.

Introduction: Rounded atelectasis lung, known as Blesovsky syndrome, is a pulmonary pseudotumor of peripheral location associated with asbestos exposure and pleural thickening. Image findings may establish the diagnosis but a malignant neoplastic process can not be ruled out. The accuracy of the diagnosis canbe difficult for reasons such as radiological progression and clinical worsening of the patient.Objective: Clinical case presentation and literature review.Case Report: 76 years old male patient, who consults forimpregnation syndrome, weight loss and anemia 2 months ofevolution. Imaging studies show 20 mm nodular image in the rightlower lobe. Laparoscopic exploration: pleural thickening withbenign aspect (fibrosis) without palpable image. CT 3 monthslater: Increased nodular image (30 mm) It decides relaparoscopyand pulmonary resection. Piece lobectomy: rounded atelectasis.Discusion: Rounded atelectasis is a benign entity, and as suchtends to be stable and in some cases resolve spontaneously.Although security diagnosed by tomography is high, there is nosingle pattern that allows to differentiate from malignancy.Requires close clinical monitoring and invasive diagnostic tests ifdoubts persist and/or injury growth is detected. Lobar or sublobarlung resection is accepted as diagnostic and therapeutic conduct.

Síndrome de Blesovsky Pseudotumor pulmonar infrecuente y subdiagnosticado / Blesovsky syndrome Uncommon and underdiagnosed pulmonary pseudotumor

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 68 años inmunosuprimido, en periodo tardío postrasplante hepático por cirrosis alcohólica en quien se encuentra de manera incidental atelectasia redonda del pulmón en estudios imagenológicos. El paciente cursaba asintomático y como único hallazgo positivo al examen físico presentaba estertores finos basales. No fue posible encontrar factores etiológicos relacionados, por lo que se categorizó como un caso idiopático. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 258-261).

Abstract We present the case of a 68 year old immunosuppressed man, in the late period after liver transplant for alcoholic cirrhosis and in whom incidentally imaging studies showed a lung round atelectasis. The patient was asymptomatic and the only positive finding on physical examination was fine basal rales. It was impossible to find related etiological factors, so the case was categorized as idiopathic. (ActaMed Colomb 2013; 38: 258-261).

Unusual pulmonary lesions - A series of rare cases

In thoracic imaging, mass means any pulmonary, pleural, or mediastinal lesion more than 3 cm in diameter [without regard to contour, border, or density characteristics]. Nodule means rounded opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. We report 4 rare cases - presented as mass or nodular lesion in chest imaging

Tuberculose na infância na forma de pseudotumor torácico / Tuberculosis in childhood in form of chest pseudotumor

Objetivo: Descrever um caso de pseudotumor tuberculoso do parênquima pulmonar em criança erever a literatura sobre o tema. Relato do Caso: ANF, 2 anos e 2 meses, sexo feminino, procurou o HU-USP por pneumonia lobar, que não estavarespondendo ao tratamento. Havia recebido 10 dias de amoxacilina e 5 dias de penicilina procaína, masmantinha tosse, febre e imagem radiológica inalterada. Internada em nosso serviço para tratamentocom cefuroxima, posteriormente associada claritromicina, com manutenção da febre e imagemradiológica. Tomografia de tórax mostrou opacificação heterogênea com 5 cm de diâmetro em ápice esquerdo com realce periférico. Indicada toracotomia, que mostrou massa aderida ao parênquima e à histopatologia granuloma epitelioide, com necrose caseosa e bacilo álcool ácido resistente (BAAR), comcritério diagnóstico para pseudotumor tuberculoso do parênquima pulmonar. Evoluiu com remissão dafebre após o sexto dia de tratamento com esquema tríplice. Discussão: Esta forma de tuberculose apresenta 27 casos relatados na literatura, sendoapenas dois em crianças. A maioria dos pacientes apresenta-se com tosse não produtiva e sintomas constitucionais são paucibacilíferos, imunocompetentes,com PPD positivo e o diagnóstico é feitopor meio de biopsia por broncoscopia ou toracotomia. A paciente apresentava, como critério diagnóstico para tuberculose, pontuação de 45, segundo Clemax; e para pseudotumor, massa maior de 3 cm associada à histopatologia de granuloma epitelioidecom presença de BAAR positivo e resposta efetiva ao tratamento. O caso se apresentou semelhante à literatura e ressaltamos que é necessário levantar a suspeita diagnóstica de tuberculose em pneumonias de evolução atípica, com critérios clínicos e exames diagnósticos.

Objective: To describe a child’s case of parenchymal pseudotumoral tuberculosis and review theliterature about this disease. Case Report: ANF, 2 years-old, female, looked for HU-USP because of alobar pneumonia that was not responding to the treatment.The child was given amoxicillin for 10 days and procaine penicillin for another five days without showing any improvement. Admitted to our hospitalfor treatment with cefuroxime and clarithromycin which however, without response in fever and radiologicalimaging. Chest tomography showed heterogeneous opacification with 5 cm diameter in the left apex with peripheral enhancement. Thoracotomy was prescribed, which showed a mass attached to the parenchyma andin histopathology an epithelioid granuloma with caseous necrosis and acid alcohol resistant bacilli (AFB), withdiagnostic criteria for Tuberculous pseudotumor of the lung parenchyma. Evolved with remission from fever 237after the sixth day of anti-tubercular therapy. Discussion: This type of tuberculosis was reported in 27 casesin the English literature, of which only two were children. Most patients presented nonproductive cough and constitutional symptoms. They were paucibacillary, immunocompetent, positive on tuberculin testing andthe diagnosis is made through a biopsy by bronchoscopy or thoracotomy. For diagnostic criterion of tuberculosis, this patient presented 45 in Clemax score; and for pseudotumor a mass larger than 3 cm associated withthe histopathology of epithelioid granuloma with the presence of AFB positive and effective response to treatment. This case was considered similar to those reported in literature and emphasizes the need to raise the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the evolution of atypical pneumonia, with clinical criterion and diagnostic tests.

Pseudocyst in pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Childhood ARDS is mostly caused by pneumonia. Pulmonary pseudocysts are reported in adults recovering from ARDS, usually in non-dependent lung regions. The authors present a 1.5-year-old boy, who survived severe pulmonary ARDS with development of pulmonary giant pseudocysts and other structural abnormalities in dependent lung region. To the best of authors knowledge, it is the first follow up report of pulmonary abnormality in a toddler with ARDS of extreme severity.

Forma pseudoneoplásica de esquistossomose pulmonar crônica sem hipertensão pulmonar / Pseudotumoral presentation of chronic pulmonary schistosomiasis without pulmonary hypertension

A esquistossomose é uma doença que, no Brasil, é causada pelo Schistosoma mansoni e transmitida através da água por moluscos do gênero Biomphalaria. Essa espécie ocorre na África, nas Antilhas e na América do Sul. O parasita, ao atingir a fase adulta de seu ciclo biológico no sistema vascular do homem, alcança as veias mesentéricas. Cada fêmea põe cerca de 400 ovos por dia, e estes, a partir da submucosa, chegam à luz intestinal. Há relatos de casos a respeito de ovos de S. mansoni nos pulmões de pacientes sem evidência de fibrose hepática. Relatamos um caso dessa forma atípica de apresentação da doença. O paciente apresentava dor torácica não-ventilatóriodependente, perda ponderal significativa e tosse seca. A TC de tórax mostrou uma tumoração irregular no lobo inferior esquerdo, mas somente a biópsia pulmonar evidenciou ovos de S. mansoni degenerados. O paciente não apresentava sinais clínicos de hipertensão pulmonar ou portal, as quais tampouco foram diagnosticadas através de exames.

Schistosomiasis is a disease that, in Brazil, is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and is transmitted by snails of the genus Biomphalaria. This species occurs in Africa, the Antilles and South America. The parasite, developing to the adult stage in the vascular system of the host, migrates to the mesenteric veins. Each female lays approximately 400 eggs per day, and these travel from the submucosa to the intestinal lumen. There have been reported cases in which S. mansoni eggs were identified in the lungs of patients with no evidence of liver fibrosis. We report a case with this atypical presentation of the disease. The patient presented nonpleuritic chest pain, significant weight loss and dry cough. A CT scan revealed an irregular tumor in the left lower lobe. However, a lung biopsy revealed non-viable S. mansoni eggs. The patient presented no clinical signs of pulmonary or portal hypertension; nor was either identified through diagnostic tests.

Pseudotumor pulmonar como apresentação inicial de granulomatose de Wegener / Lung pseudotumor as the initial presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis

A granulomatose de Wegener é uma doença inflamatória multissistêmica de etiologia desconhecida, que se caracteriza por vasculite de pequeno e médio calibre. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns envolvem o trato respiratório superior, pulmões e rins e as alterações encontradas nos exames de imagem são geralmente opacidades pulmonares ou nódulos múltiplos, bilaterais e, em 50 por cento dos casos, cavitações. O tratamento é feito com corticoides e imunossupressores. Descreve-se um caso atípico de um homem de 61 anos cuja investigação inicial de um tumor pulmonar unilateral evidenciou, na verdade, Granulomatose de Wegener.

Wegener's granulomatosis is a multisystemic inflammatory illness of unknown etiology, characterized by vasculitis of small and medium caliber vessels. The most common clinical manifestations involve the upper respiratory tract, lungs and kidneys. Common alterations in imaging studies include pulmonary opacities and bilateral multiple nodules, cavitations occurring in 50 percent of the cases. Treatment includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. We describe an atypical case of a 61-year-old man initially investigated due to suspicion of a unilateral lung tumor, which proved to be, in fact, a case of Wegener's granulomatosis.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung: case series

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare occurrence in general practice. Its biologic nature, natural history and response to different treatment modalities are obscure. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and pathological features of 5 patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung observed between 1999 and 2006. Under-study patients were 3 women and 2 men with a median age of 32.6 years. All patients were symptomatic. Computed tomography [CT] scan demonstrated a mass in all cases. Four patients underwent surgery [tumor resection in 1, lobectomy in 1, bilobectomy in 1 and lobectomy with mediastinal mass debulking also in 1]. Complete resection was achieved in 2 patients who are currently alive with no evidence of disease. One died due to progressive disease. Another is alive with disease after incomplete resection, and one refused any kind of surgery. There was no operative mortality. All patients were under follow-up [range, 5 to 60 months; median 39 months]. This study illustrates that some inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors behave aggressively and have a poor prognosis. It also confirms that radical resection is the treatment of choice for this malignancy

Pseudotumor inflamatório endobrônquico: relato de caso / Endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report

O pseudotumor inflamatório de pulmão é uma neoplasia benigna rara que geralmente se manifesta como um nódulo pulmonar solitário. A apresentação endobrônquica é infreqüente. O tratamento de escolha continua sendo a cirurgia conservadora e deve-se sempre procurar obter margens livres devido à possibilidade de recidiva local. Esse artigo relata o caso de um paciente de 36 anos, com crises de sibilância e tosse, que foi submetido, com sucesso, à broncoplastia para ressecção de um pseudotumor inflamatório endobrônquico.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is a rare form of benign neoplasia and is generally characterized by a solitary pulmonary nodule. The endobronchial presentation is uncommon. Conservative surgery remains the treatment of choice, and surgeons should always strive to achieve tumor-free margins due to the possibility of local recidivism. This article reports the case of a 36-year-old male patient with recurrent attacks of wheezing and cough. The patient underwent successful bronchoplasty for the resection of an endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor.

Plasma cell granuloma of lung.

A 10 years old girl presented with fever, cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea on exertion of two months duration. Chest skiagram and CT-scan of thorax revealed well defined mass lesion of varying density occupying right upper and middle lobes with areas of calcification. On thoracotomy, a huge mass in the right upper lobe was resected and hispathological examination proved it to be a case of plasma cell granuloma.

Pseudotunor inflamatorio de pulmón: en preescolar femenina: a propósito de un caso / Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung: in female preschool: a purpose of a case

El pseudotumor inflamatorio es una lesión benigna inflamatoria caracterizada en el aspecto histológico por una mezcla de fibroblastos, histiocitos, linfocitos y células plasmáticas. Relativamente rara, con localización tamaño, y sintomatología variable, que puede simular la presencia de un tumor maligno. En la infancia se presenta como una masa intrapulmonar. Se describe caso de paciente preescolar femenina de 3 años de edad, quien consultó a nuestro centro por presentar fiebre, disfagia y tos de 3 meses de evolución. Se evidenció en estudios imaginológicos de tórax, imagen densa en base de hemitórax izquierdo que impresionó como empiema tabicado. Se le realizó toracotomía izquierda evidenciándose tumoración intercisural, adherida fuertemente a pared torácica, diafragma y proyectada a mediastino posterior. Además lesiones satélites en pleura parietal. Se toma muestra de lesión principal y resección de las satélites para estudio histopatológico, la cual reportó pseudotumor inflamatorio. El pseudotumor inflamatorio es una patología tumoral benigna, que se sospecha en niños con infecciones respiratorias a repetición, refractaria a tratamiento convencional y con hallazgos imaginológicos compatibles con lesión ocupante de espacio a nivel pulmonar. Se puede observar su relación con el virus de Epstein-Baar. El diagnóstico es sólo posible por biopsia, y el tratamiento de elección es resección quirúrgica. Sin embargo, en este caso se evidenció aparente mejoría dada por la disminución de la masa tumoral con el tratamiento con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos.

The pseudo inflammatory tumor is a benign lesion characterized in the histological aspect by a mixture of fibroblasts, histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Relatively rare, with location, size and variable simptomatology that it can simulate the presence of a malignant tumor. In the childhood it appears like an intrapulmonary mass. A case of female infant patient of 3 years old is described, that consult to our center to display fever, dysphagia and cough of 3 months of evolution. In radiological images of thorax were viewed a dense image in the left thorax base that impresses septate emphyema. A left thoracotomy was made viewed an intercysural tumor like, adhered strongly to thoracic wall, diaphragm and projected to later mediastinum, and in addition, satellites injuries in parietal pleural. An incisional sample of main lesion was taking and complete resection of the satellites to histopathology study, which reported pseudo inflammatory tumor. Pseudo inflammatory tumor is a benign tumoral pathology that is suspected in children with repetition respiratory infection refracted to conventional treatment and with image findings compatible with tumor at pulmonary level. Its relation with the virus of Epstein-Baar can be observed. The diagnosis is only possible by biopsy, and the election treatment is the surgical resection. Although in this case the improvement was viewed by diminution of tumor mass with use of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.

The diagnostic value of FDG coincidence imaging combined with serum tumor marker assays for pulmonary lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the performance of 18F-FDG three-head tomography with coincidence imaging and serum tumor marker assays in identifying lung lesions in 104 patients with abnormal findings on chest X-ray or computer tomography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective evaluation of 18F-FDG coincidence imaging and the measurement of 3 serum markers for lung cancer ( carcinoembryonic antigen, CYFRA21-1 and neuron specific enolase) were performed within one week in 104 inpatients with suspected lung malignancy. All images were analyzed visually. It was considered positive for malignancy if the 18F-FDG uptake was increased relative to that in the adjacent lung tissue, and was focal. The serum tumor marker test was considered positive for malignancy if the serum level of at least one marker was elevated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>66 patients were proven to have lung cancer by pathology, and 38 patients had benign lung diseases. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 18F-FDG coincidence imaging and serum tumor markers in assessing lung cancers were 80. 0% , 77. 2% , 77. 9% and 56. 0% , 60. 9%, 64. 4% , respectively. 18F-FDG coincidence images in assessing lung lesions showed significantly higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than serum tumor markers. Four patients with lung cancer had negative findings on 18F-FDG coincidence images but showed positive serum markers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>18F-FDG coincidence imaging is a powerful tool for evaluating patients with lung lesions suggestive of malignancy. Although the determination of serum marker levels is less accurate than 18F-FDG coincidence imaging, the combination of a positive 18F-FDG coincidence result and positive tumor markers may be helpful in improving the diagnosis of lung cancers.</p>

A Case of Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is considered to be a rare, benign, neoplastic lesion, consisting mainly of spindle mesenchymal cells, sometimes in such a way that its histological appearance mimics that of a spindle cell sarcoma, fibrous histiocytoma or fibrosarcoma. A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung occurring in a 13-year-old boy is reported with pathologic findings, including its ultrastructure. The patient had had no symptoms and accidentally discovered his condition after a chest X-ray examination at a regular school physical check up. The mass was located in the suprahilar area of the left lung. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed a large mass that was removed, together with the left upper lobe of the lung. Microscopically, the mass was composed of numerous interstitial inflammatory cells, mainly lymphoplasma cells. Ultrastructurally, the spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells were arranged haphazadly and the normal pulmonary structure was nearly totally destroyed. Emphasis is given to complete resection of the tumor for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Pseudotumor inflamatório do pulmão / Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung

O pseudotumor inflamatório de pulmão é uma afecção rara, e representa um dilema pela semelhança com processo maligno nos aspectos radiológicos, macroscópicos e patológicos. Relata-se o caso de um paciente com queixas respiratórias, que após propedêutica adequada foi submetido à toracotomia exploradora, com diagnóstico de pseudotumor confirmado pela imunohistoquímica. São discutidos dados referentes à história clínica, aspectos radiológicos, histopatológicos e cirúrgicos, além de formas de tratamento da condição.

Expression of PKB protein in human squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of protein kinase B (PKB) in human-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of lung (ADC) and in benign lung tissues (BD, lung tissues adjacent to cancer or from patients with benign lung diseases), and its association to clinicopathological characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PKB expression in 41 specimens from patients with SCC (26 cases) and ADC (15 cases) and in 12 specimens from patients with benign lung diseases (BD) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PKB in benign lung tissues was usually weakly stained and scattered in distribution. It was remarkably increased in lung cancer compared to benign lung tissue. The positive rates of PKB in SCC and ADC were 50% (13/26), 60% (9/15), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them. PKB expression was significantly stronger in lung cancer patients in advanced stages (stage III or IV) or with poor differentiation, than those in early stages (stage I or II) or with moderate or well differentiation. The expression was stronger in patients with local lymph node metastasis than those without (P = 0.0391).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PKB protein is over-expressed in human squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung.</p>

A Case of Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor: Recurrence Appearing as Several Consolidative Lesions after Complete Resection

Inflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) of the lung is an uncommon nonneoplastic tumor of unknown origin. This tumor typically manifests as a solitary, peripheral, and sharply circumscribed mass. Multiple lesions are seen in about 5% of cases. Resection is recommended for both diagnosis and treatment, and this tumor does not generally recur after complete resection. Here, we report a case of recurrent inflammatory pseudotumor after complete resection; the recurrence was detected as a series of bilateral consolidated lesions with an internal air bronchogram. This is an unusual finding with regard to inflammatory pseudotumors.

Inflammatory Pseudotumor Involving the Pulmonary Artery: Case Report

Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor is the most common primary lung mass seen in children, but extraparenchymal involvement is relatively rare. We report here on a case of inflammatory pseudotumor involving the mediastinum and the pulmonary artery. A 48-year-old man presented with enlargement of the right hilum on a simple chest radiograph. He had a history of exertional dyspnea for 1 year. A non-homogeneous enhancing mass was noted in the right pulmonary artery on computed tomography. Mediastinotomy and pulmonary artery angiography with a forcep biopsy revealed inflammatory pseudotumor of the mediastinum and pulmonary artery.